El riesgo de cambio climático y la normativa prudencial bancaria: iniciativas y desafíos
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El riesgo de cambio climático afecta a las entidades de crédito a través, principalmente, de las exposiciones que mantienen con sus contrapartes y, por tanto, supone un riesgo a tener en cuenta por los bancos y sus supervisores. Este artículo repasa las diferentes iniciativas llevadas a cabo por supervisores y reguladores prudenciales para incorporar el riesgo de cambio climático en el marco prudencial. Asimismo, se presentan los desafíos a los que se enfrentan tanto los bancos como los supervisores para llevar a cabo esta tarea.
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