Análisis de la sostenibilidad del sector exterior en la OCDE con técnicas de multicointegración

Mariam Camarero
Cecilio Tamarit
Josep Lluís Carrion-i-Silvestre

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Publicado: jul 30, 2022
Resumen

Este artículo analiza la sostenibilidad externa de un grupo de 23 países de la OCDE durante el periodo 1970-2020. La estrategia empírica adoptada muestra la importancia del desequilibrio acumulado como desencadenante del ajuste externo, en línea con la propuesta de Gourinchas y Rey (2007). Para ello, contrastamos la sostenibilidad externa a través de la relación acumulado-flujo entre las variables que representan las relaciones externas de una economía abierta utilizando varios tipos de contrastes de cointegración y multicointegración. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan hacia la sostenibilidad en sentido débil en el análisis de los flujos, mientras que desde el punto de vista del enfoque acumulado-flujo se concluye que cuatro países mostrarían sostenibilidad durante parte del periodo investigado tras realizar ajustes. Entre estos países se encuentran tanto economías tradicionalmente acreedoras, como Nueva Zelanda y Suiza, como deudoras (de la zona euro), en concreto, España y Portugal, que tuvieron acceso más restringido a la financiación en los mercados internacionales durante la última crisis financiera.

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Palabras clave:
cuenta corriente, saldo de activos exteriores, cambios estructurales, multicointegración
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