Consenso de la OCDE sobre Créditos a la Exportación con Apoyo Oficial. Marco actual, evolución y desafíos

Jaime Alcaide Arranz
Resumen

El Consenso OCDE es el marco de gobernanza internacional para la financiación oficial a la exportación, surgido del "pacto entre caballeros" alcanzado en 1976 en el seno del G6, en un contexto de competencia agresiva, con el propósito de dotarse de reglas objetivas a favor de una competencia basada en la calidad de los bienes y servicios en lugar de en los términos de la financiación ofrecida, para preservar un terreno de juego equilibrado, level playing field, y reducir las distorsiones sobre el comercio internacional. Desde los años ochenta ha existido un continuo proceso de desarrollo y adaptación del acuerdo. No obstante, el Consenso hace frente en la actualidad a una creciente pérdida de influencia y representatividad, con un peso relevante de la actividad de países no participantes o de prácticas desarrolladas al margen de este. El contexto de polarización y fragmentación actual dificulta la coordinación y la creciente agresividad de la competencia podría implicar de nuevo una carrera a la baja con efectos negativos sobre el comercio internacional. Frente a un nuevo periodo de incertidumbre, el reciente lanzamiento de trabajos para un proceso de modernización del Consenso es un paso positivo, pero será necesario un elevado grado de compromiso político y el impulso de nuevas iniciativas de coordinación a favor de un marco de gobernanza verdaderamente global.

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Palabras clave:
comercio internacional, crédito a la exportación, financiación internacional, apoyo oficial
Citas

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